Glossary of Engineering Machinery, Heavy Truck, Agricultural Machinery, and Auto Parts

1. 风扇马达 (Fēngshàn mǎdá) / Fan Motor / Вентиляторный мотор: This component drives the cooling fan in the engine compartment. For example, the 卡特彼勒 345D 风扇马达 (Caterpillar 345D fan motor) helps regulate engine temperature.

2. 液压泵 (Yèyā bèng) / Hydraulic Pump / Гидравлический насос: This device converts mechanical power into hydraulic power, essential for operating various functions in heavy equipment. For instance, the Komatsu PC200-8 液压泵 (Komatsu PC200-8 hydraulic pump) powers the excavator's arm and bucket.

3. 电磁阀 (Diàncí fá) / Solenoid Valve / Электромагнитный клапан: An electrically controlled valve used to regulate the flow of fluids in hydraulic and pneumatic systems. An example is the Hitachi Zaxis 200 电磁阀 (Hitachi Zaxis 200 solenoid valve) which controls hydraulic oil flow.

4. 喷油器 (Pēnyóuqì) / Fuel Injector / Топливная форсунка: This component sprays fuel into the engine's combustion chamber at the precise moment and pressure. For example, the Cummins ISX15 喷油器 (Cummins ISX15 fuel injector) ensures efficient fuel combustion in heavy trucks.

5. 控制器 (Kòngzhì qì) / Controller / Контроллер: An electronic unit that manages and regulates various functions of the machine, such as engine performance and hydraulic operations. For instance, the John Deere 8R 控制器 (John Deere 8R controller) manages the tractor's engine and transmission.

6. 滤清器 (Lǜqīng qì) / Filter / Фильтр: A device used to remove contaminants from fluids like oil, fuel, and air, protecting engine components. An example is the Mercedes-Benz Actros 空气滤清器 (Mercedes-Benz Actros air filter) which cleans the air entering the engine.

7. 线束 (Xiàn shù) / Wiring Harness / Жгут проводов: An assembly of electrical wires that transmits signals and power throughout the machine. For example, the Komatsu PC300-8 线束 (Komatsu PC300-8 wiring harness) connects various electrical components.

8. 油缸 (Yóugāng) / Hydraulic Cylinder / Гидравлический цилиндр: A linear actuator that converts hydraulic power into linear motion, used in excavators for lifting and digging. An example is the Volvo EC220E 油缸 (Volvo EC220E hydraulic cylinder) which moves the excavator's boom.

9. 传感器 (Chuángǎnqì) / Sensor / Датчик: A device that detects physical changes like pressure, temperature, or speed and sends signals to the control system. For instance, the Caterpillar D7 推土机 传感器 (Caterpillar D7 bulldozer sensor) monitors engine parameters.

10. 齿轮泵 (Chǐlún bèng) / Gear Pump / Шестеренный насос: A type of positive displacement pump that uses meshing gears to pump fluid. An example is the Bobcat S590 齿轮泵 (Bobcat S590 gear pump) used in the skid-steer loader's hydraulic system.

Common Knowledge about Heavy Equipment Parts

1. What are the common causes of hydraulic pump failure in excavators? Common causes include contamination of hydraulic fluid, overheating due to insufficient cooling, cavitation caused by restricted inlet flow, and wear and tear of internal components due to prolonged use.

2. How often should I replace the fuel filters in my heavy truck? The replacement frequency depends on the truck model, operating conditions, and fuel quality. Generally, it's recommended to replace fuel filters every 25,000 to 50,000 miles or as per the manufacturer's recommendations.

3. What are the signs of a failing fuel injector in an agricultural tractor? Signs of a failing fuel injector can include reduced engine power, poor fuel economy, rough idling, black smoke from the exhaust, and difficulty starting the engine.

Troubleshooting: Excavator Engine Overheating

Problem: A Komatsu PC200-8 excavator engine is frequently overheating during operation.

Possible Causes and Solutions:

• Low Coolant Level: Check the coolant level in the radiator and expansion tank. If low, add the recommended coolant mixture. Also, inspect for any leaks in the cooling system, including hoses, radiator, and water pump.

• Faulty Thermostat: The thermostat regulates the flow of coolant. If it's stuck closed, the engine will overheat. Replace the thermostat with a new one.

• Clogged Radiator: Over time, the radiator fins can become clogged with dirt, debris, or insects, reducing its cooling efficiency. Clean the radiator fins with compressed air or water. For internal blockages, professional radiator flushing might be necessary.

• Defective Water Pump: The water pump circulates coolant through the engine. If the pump impeller is damaged or the pump is leaking, it won't circulate coolant effectively. Replace the water pump.

• Loose or Damaged Fan Belt: The fan belt drives the cooling fan. If it's loose, cracked, or broken, the fan won't spin at the correct speed. Adjust or replace the fan belt.

• Air Lock in the Cooling System: Air trapped in the cooling system can prevent proper coolant circulation. Bleed the cooling system according to the excavator's service manual.

• Engine Overload: Operating the excavator beyond its capacity for extended periods can cause overheating. Ensure the machine is operated within its specified limits.

If the overheating issue persists after checking these points, it is recommended to consult a qualified mechanic.

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